Course Details

Objective

Upon the successful completion of this course, participants will understand and learn the following: -

• The fundamentals of hazardous area classifications and the hazardous result from energy liberated from electrical equipment.
• The fundamentals of Gas Grouping and temperature classifications to avoid the hazardous.
• The different methods for explosion protection.
• The selection of electrical equipment in hazardous areas for various applications.
• Routine maintenance, modifications, and fault diagnostics.
• Safety working practices and new ATEX directives.

Content

1.    Electrical energy, ignition and flammability  

1.1.    Electrical energy and ignition  
1.2.    The basics of electricity 
1.3.    Electrical heat energy 
1.4.    Sources of ignition 
1.5.    Fire Triangle
1.6.    Static Electricity.
1.7.    Flash point.
1.8.    Ignition temperature.
1.9.    Flammability 
1.10.    Flammability principles 
1.10.1.    Explosive limits.
2.    Area classification 

2.1.    General 
2.2.    Principles of safety 
2.3.    Hazards and hazardous areas 
2.4.    Basic properties of combustible and ignitable material 
2.5.    Basis of area classification 
2.6.    Zonal classification 
2.6.1.    Definition
2.6.2.    Classification
2.6.2.1.    Area classification – gas and vapors 
2.6.2.2.    Area classification – dust 
2.6.3.    Gas groups
2.6.4.    Surface temperature classes
2.6.5.    Apparatus selection & marking
2.6.6.    IP system for enclosures
2.7.    Plant operations – normal and abnormal 
2.8.    Classification procedure 
2.9.    Responsibility and personnel involved. 
2.10.    Policy and guidelines for implementation 
2.11.    Area classification examples 
2.12.    Case Study 
3.    Design philosophy and selection of equipment/apparatus

3.1.    General 
3.2.     Risks history 
3.3.     Classification concepts  
3.4.    Apparatus 
3.5.    Concepts and techniques of explosion protection grouping.  
3.6.    Methods of explosion protection  
3.6.1.    Exclusion of hazardous gases
3.6.1.1.    Pressurization – Ex p 
3.6.1.2.    Oil Immersion – Ex o
3.6.1.3.    Encapsulation – Ex m
3.6.2.    Exclusion of heat
3.6.2.1.    Flameproof Ex d = FLP
3.6.2.2.    Increased Safety - Ex e
3.6.2.3.    Intrinsically Safety – Ex I
3.6.2.4.    Non-Sparking Protection –Ex n
3.6.2.5.     Powder / Sand Filling – Ex q
3.6.3.    Exclusion of air
3.6.4.    Temperature classification for all equipment.
3.6.5.    Ingress Protection for all equipment.
3.7.    Typical applications of methods of protection  
3.8.    Mixed techniques  
3.9.    Dust explosion-protection methods  
3.10.    Selection of explosion-protection technique for safeguarding  
4.    Protection concept ‘d’ 

4.1.    General 
4.2.    Certification in brief 
4.3.    Construction requirements 
4.4.    Flameproof theory 
4.5.    Other general requirements for explosive atmospheres 
4.6.    Testing 
4.7.    Grouping and effect of temperature classification 
4.8.    Conditions of use 
4.9.    Illustrations of mechanical construction types 
5.    Protection concept ‘e’ 

5.1.    General 
5.2.    Principles of design for increased safety 
5.3.    Certification (components) 
5.4.    Construction requirements 
5.5.    Principles of testing 
5.6.    Periodic testing and repair of electrical apparatus 
5.7.    Conditions of use 
5.8.    Standards for Ex ‘e’ 
6.    Protection concept ‘n’ 
6.1.    General 
6.2.    Principles of design 
6.3.    Certification 
6.4.    Construction requirements 
6.5.    Conditions of use 
6.6.    Illustrations 
6.7.    Standards for Ex ‘n’ 
7.    Protection concept ‘i’ principles 
7.1.    Origins of intrinsic safety 
7.2.    Principles of IS 
7.3.    Electrical theory to explain IS. 
7.4.    Implementation of IS 
7.5.    The shunt diode safety barrier 
7.6.    Associated apparatus 
7.7.    Electrical apparatus in the hazardous area 
7.8.    Enclosures 
7.9.    Temperature 
7.10.    The IS systems concept. 
7.11.    An IS ‘system’ 
7.12.    System documentation 
7.13.    Assessment of safety 
7.14.    Simple apparatus 
7.15.    Safety parameters 
7.16.    Temperature classification of systems 
7.17.    Systems concepts in other standards 
7.18.    Standards for Ex ‘i’ 

8.    Protection concept ‘p’ 

8.1.    General 
8.2.    Development of standards for Ex ‘p’ 
8.3.    Construction requirements 
8.4.    Principles of application 
8.5.    Other design requirements 
8.6.    Testing 
8.7.    Standards of Ex ‘p’ 

9.    Other concepts 
9.1.    General 
9.2.    Ex ‘o’: oil filling 
9.3.    Ex ‘q’: quartz/sand filling 
9.4.    Ex ‘m’: encapsulation 
9.5.    Component certification 
9.6.    Special type of protection ‘s’ (IEC Concept Code Symbol Ex ‘s’) 
9.7.    Multiple certification 
9.8.    Selection of certification method 
9.9.    Apparatus for use in dust risks 

10.    Earthing and bonding 
10.1.    Earthing 
10.2.    Personnel safety 
10.3.    Hazardous area considerations 
10.4.    Earthing and bonding 
10.5.    Clean and dirty earthing 
10.6.    Electrical interference 
10.7.    Earthing terminology 
10.8.    Connection of earthing systems 
10.9.    Power supply systems 
10.10.    Portable equipment using batteries 
10.11.    Earthing arrangement standard solutions 
10.12.    Earth loops 
10.13.    Computer earthing 
10.14.    Surge protection systems 
10.15.    Standards and codes of practice 

11.    Installations 
11.1.    Introduction to installation requirements 
11.2.    Installation requirements 
11.3.    IEC 60079-14: standard contents 
11.4.    Other relevant installation standards and codes 
11.5.    Safety documentation 
11.6.    General requirements of the standard 
11.7.    Practical aspects of IS installations. 
11.8.    Other considerations affecting installation 
11.9.    Other installation issues 

12.    Inspection and maintenance 

12.1.    Inspection and maintenance 
12.2.    Integrity ‘preserved’ 
12.3.    Scope of IEC 60079-17 
12.4.    General requirements 
12.5.    Inspections 
12.6.    The insulation test 
12.7.    Maintenance 
12.8.    Testing 
12.9.    Unauthorized modification 
12.10.    Earthing integrity verification 
12.11.    BS 5345 inspection requirements 

13.    Safe working practices 
13.1.    General 
13.2.    Safety observations 
13.3.    Danger signals of electrical malfunctioning 
13.4.    Need for inspection and maintenance 
13.5.    Maintenance and safe practices 
13.6.    Fault-finding – safety ensured 
13.7.    Insulation testing in hazardous area 
13.8.    Earthing in hazardous area 
13.9.    Handling ‘fall out of fire and electrical shock’ 

14.    Fault-finding and testing 

14.1.    Fault-finding 
14.2.    Fault-finding routine 
14.3.    Safety assessment of testing 
14.4.    Test equipment 
14.5.    Use of uncertified test apparatus 
14.6.    Interface testing 
14.7.    Certified apparatus 
14.8.    IS apparatus repair procedure 
15.    ATEX Directive 

15.1.    General 
15.2.    Definitions 
15.3.    Scope of the ATEX Directive 
15.4.    Bird’s eye view of ATEX Directive 
Course summary and Evaluation
NOTE:
Pre & Post Tests will be conducted
Case Studies, Group Exercises, Group Discussions, Last Day Review &Assessments will
be carried out.
………………………………….
 

Methodology

This training program is lecture-based and customized to the needs of the audience, providing meaningful experience for personnel that work in petroleum plants. Daily sessions include formal presentation, prepared in the Power Point, interspersed with directed discussions and case study. In addition to formal lectures and discussions, the delegates will learn by active participation through the use of problem-solving exercises, group discussions, analysis of real-life case studies etc. All attendees receive a course manual as a reference.

• 30% Lectures
• 30% Workshops and work presentation
• 20% Group Work& Practical Exercises
• 20% Videos& General Discussions