Course Details

Objective

Upon the successful completion of this course, participants will understand and learn the following :-

• The fundamentals of hazardous area classifications and the hazardous result from energy librated from electrical equipment.
• The fundamentals of Gas Grouping and temperature classifications to avoid the hazardous.
• The different methods for explosion protection. 
• The selection of electrical equipment in hazardous areas for various applications.
• Routine maintenance, modifications and fault diagnostics.
• Safety working practices and new ATEX directives.

Content

COURSE OUTLINE

1. Electrical energy, ignition and flammability
   1. Electrical energy and ignition
   2. The basics of electricity
   3. Electrical heat energy
   4. Sources of ignition
   5. Fire Triangle
   6. Static Electricity.
   7. Flash point.
   8. Ignition temperature.
   9. Flammability
   10. Flammability principles
       • Explosive limits.
          
2. Area classification
   1. General
   2. Principles of safety
   3. Hazards and hazardous areas
   4. Basic properties of combustible and ignitable material
   5. Basis of area classification
   6. Zonal classification
      1. Definition
      2. Classification
         1. Area classification – gas and vapors
         2. Area classification – dust
      3. Gas groups
      4. Surface temperature classes
      5. Apparatus selection & marking
      6. IP system for enclosures
   7. Plant operations – normal and abnormal
   8. Classification procedure
   9. Responsibility and personnel involved
   10. Policy and guidelines for implementation
   11. Area classification examples
   12. Case Study
        
3. Design philosophy and selection of equipment/apparatus
   1. General
   2. Risks history
   3. Classification concepts
   4. Apparatus
   5. Concepts and techniques of explosion protection grouping
   6. Methods of explosion protection
      1. Exclusion of hazardous gases
         1. Pressurization – Ex p
         2. Oil Immersion – Ex o
         3. Encapsulation – Ex m
      2. Exclusion of heat
         1. Flameproof Ex d = FLP
         2. Increased Safety - Ex e
         3. Intrinsically Safety – Ex I
         4. Non-Sparking Protection –Ex n
         5. Powder / Sand Filling – Ex q
      3. Exclusion of air
      4. Temperature classification for all equipment.
      5. Ingress Protection for all equipment.
   7. Typical applications of methods of protection
   8. Mixed techniques
   9. Dust explosion-protection methods
   10. Selection of explosion-protection technique for safeguarding
        
4. Protection concept ‘d’
   1. General
   2. Certification in brief
   3. Construction requirements
   4. Flameproof theory
   5. Other general requirements for explosive atmospheres
   6. Testing
   7. Grouping and effect of temperature classification
   8. Conditions of use
   9. Illustrations of mechanical construction types
       
5. Protection concept ‘e’
   1. General
   2. Principles of design for increased safety
   3. Certification (components)
   4. Construction requirements
   5. Principles of testing
   6. Periodic testing and repair of electrical apparatus
   7. Conditions of use
   8. Standards for Ex ‘e’
       
6. Protection concept ‘n’
   1. General
   2. Principles of design
   3. Certification
   4. Construction requirements
   5. Conditions of use
   6. Illustrations
   7. Standards for Ex ‘n’
       
7. Protection concept ‘i’ principles
   1. Origins of intrinsic safety
   2. Principles of IS
   3. Electrical theory to explain IS
   4. Implementation of IS
   5. The shunt diode safety barrier
   6. Associated apparatus
   7. Electrical apparatus in the hazardous area
   8. Enclosures
   9. Temperature
   10. The IS systems concept
   11. An IS ‘system’
   12. System documentation
   13. Assessment of safety
   14. Simple apparatus
   15. Safety parameters
   16. Temperature classification of systems
   17. Systems concepts in other standards
   18. Standards for Ex ‘i’
        
8. Protection concept ‘p’
   1. General
   2. Development of standards for Ex ‘p’
   3. Construction requirements
   4. Principles of application
   5. Other design requirements
   6. Testing
   7. Standards of Ex ‘p’
       
9. Other concepts
   1. General
   2. Ex ‘o’: oil filling
   3. Ex ‘q’: quartz/sand filling
   4. Ex ‘m’: encapsulation
   5. Component certification
   6. Special type of protection ‘s’ (IEC Concept Code Symbol Ex ‘s’)
   7. Multiple certification
   8. Selection of certification method
   9. Apparatus for use in dust risks
       
10. Earthing and bonding
    1. Earthing
    2. Personnel safety
    3. Hazardous area considerations
    4. Earthing and bonding
    5. Clean and dirty earthing
    6. Electrical interference
    7. Earthing terminology
    8. Connection of earthing systems
    9. Power supply systems
    10. Portable equipment using batteries
    11. Earthing arrangement standard solutions
    12. Earth loops
    13. Computer earthing
    14. Surge protection systems
    15. Standards and codes of practice
         
11. Installations
    1. Introduction to installation requirements
    2. Installation requirements
    3. IEC 60079-14: standard contents
    4. Other relevant installation standards and codes
    5. Safety documentation
    6. General requirements of the standard
    7. Practical aspects of IS installations
    8. Other considerations affecting installation
    9. Other installation issues
        
12. Inspection and maintenance
    1. Inspection and maintenance
    2. Integrity ‘preserved’
    3. Scope of IEC 60079-17
    4. General requirements
    5. Inspections
    6. The insulation test
    7. Maintenance
    8. Testing
    9. Unauthorized modification
    10. Earthing integrity verification
    11. BS 5345 inspection requirement
         
13. Safe working practices
    1. General
    2. Safety observations
    3. Danger signals of electrical malfunctioning
    4. Need for inspection and maintenance
    5. Maintenance and safe practices
    6. Fault-finding – safety ensured
    7. Insulation testing in hazardous area
    8. Earthing in hazardous area
    9. Handling ‘fall out of fire and electrical shock’
        
14. Fault-finding and testing
    1. Fault-finding
    2. Fault-finding routine
    3. Safety assessment of testing
    4. Test equipment
    5. Use of uncertified test apparatus
    6. Interface testing
    7. Certified apparatus
    8. IS apparatus repair procedure
        
15. ATEX Directive
    1. ???????General
    2. Definitions
    3. Scope of the ATEX Directive
    4. Bird’s eye view of ATEX Directive

Course summary and Evaluation

NOTE:
Pre & Post Tests will be conducted
Case Studies, Group Exercises, Group Discussions, Last Day Review &Assessments will be carried out.

Methodology

This training program is lecture-based and customized to the needs of the audience, providing meaningful experience for personnel that work in petroleum plants. Daily sessions include formal presentation, prepared in the Power Point, interspersed with directed discussions and case study. In addition to formal lectures and discussions, the delegates will learn by active participation through the use of problem solving exercises, group discussions, analysis of real-life case studies etc. All attendees receive a course manual as a reference.

• 30% Lectures
• 30% Workshops and work presentation
• 20% Group Work& Practical Exercises
• 20% Videos& General Discussions