Course Details

Objective

• Review the basics of Pumps and Compressors
• Learn how the performance curves of Pumps and Compressors are measured and calculated
• Use the similarity laws to calculate the Pumps/Compressors' performance at different speeds and rotor size
• Learn methods of troubleshooting and maintaining Pumps/ Compressors
• Highlight the importance of the related international codes and standards

Content

Chapter I

Pump Types and Performance

• Types Of Pumps
  1. Centrifugal
  2. Displacement
• Pumping methods
  1. Centrifugal action
  2. Displacement action
  3. Rotary displacement pumps
• Pumps performance curves
  1. Head-Capacity curve
  2. Power-Capacity curve
  3. Efficiency-Capacity curve
  4. NPSH-Capacity curve
  5. Limits of operation
  6. Characteristics curves for different types of pumps
  7. How to obtain these curves experimentally
  8. How to calculate these characteristic curves
• Specific speed and specific diameter
  1. The significance of the Specific Speed and the Specific Diameter
  2. How to calculate these numbers
  3. How to use these numbers in the pump selection process
• Parameters affecting the pump performance

Similarity Laws

1. 1. The effect of speed variation
   2. The effect of impeller trimming

Chapter II

Pumps Operation

• Operating conditions
  1. Pump curve against Piping system curve
  2. System curve calculation
  3. NPSH available and required
  4. Suction system configurations
  5. NPSH measurement

• Design operating conditions

1. Normal operating range
2. Best operating condition
3. Range of pump operation
4. The minimum flow rate limit
5. The maximum capacity limit.

• Off-design operation

1. Pre-rotation
2. Re-circulation
3. Transient operation
4. Pump surge

• Parameters affecting pump operation
• Basic requirements for trouble-free operation

1. Cavitation
2. Minimum flow rate

• Operation difficulties

1. NPSH available
2. Air leakage
3. System working pressure
4. Reduced flow
5. Parallel operation

Chapter III

Pumps selection

• Pumps standards
  1. Hydraulic Institute Standard
  2. API standard
  3. How to use standards for pump selection
  4. How standards differ from each other
  5. How to use standards to write the right specifications for pumps
• Overall procedure for selecting a pump
• Parameters affecting the pump selections
  1. Properties of liquids being pumped
  2. Material selection
  3. Manufacturer data and curves
  4. Economic consideration
  5. Pumps application
  6. Comparison between different types
  7. Essential data required

Chapter IV

Positive Displacement Compressors

• Compression Methods
  1. Intermittent compression
  2. Reciprocating and Rotary  compressors
  3. Continuous compression
  4. Axial and Centrifugal
  5. Features and comparison
• Types of Reciprocating Compressors
  1. Trunk type
  2. Crosshead type
  3. Lubricated & non-lubricated
  4. Single & Double acting
• Compression cycle
  1. Internal compression
  2. Clearance volume
  3. Intercooling effect
  4. Volume ratio
  5. Pressure ratio
• Capacity control
  1. Clearance pockets
  2. External bottles
  3. Valve unloader
  4. Bypass port
• Pulsation control
• Rotary Compressors
  1. Screw compressors
  2. Sliding vane compressors

Chapter V

Centrifugal Compressors

• Basic Components
  1. Rotating elements
  2. Stationary parts
  3. Compressor seals
• Centrifugal classification
• Centrifugal arrangement
• Performance curves

1. How to read performance curves
2. Surge line and stone line
3. Blade curving angle effect
4. Volume ratio effects
5. Quadrant curve

• Fan Laws

1. The effect of speed variation
2. The effect of trimming the rotor
3. Limit on the speed
4. Multistage
5. Intercooling effect

• Operation of centrifugal Compressors

1. System Characteristics
2. Volume ratio effect
3. Effect of MW variation
4. Inlet Pressure and Temperature effects

5.   Effect of Rotational speed

• Compressor Control
  1. Motor-driven compressors
  2. Turbine Driven Compressors
  3. Automatic control system
  4. Pressure control
  5. Flow control
  6. Parallel flow
• Compressor Surge
  1. What causes surge
  2.  Surge control

Chapter VI

Troubleshooting & Maintenance

• Principles of troubleshooting
  1. Principles
  2. Failure modes
  3. Statistics of more frequent troubles
• Maintenance
  1. Maintenance strategies
  2. Measuring methods
  3. Monitoring and Data collection
• Reasons for Failure
• Mechanical seals

1. Wet and dry type
2. Compressors versus Pump shaft seals
3. Piping systems
4. Why seals fail

• Bearings

1. Roller antifriction types
2. Journal bearings
3. Range of applications
4. Lubrication of bearings
5. Lube-oil systems

• Shaft deflection

1. Critical speed and shaft deflection
2. Parameters affecting shaft deflection
3. Effects of shaft deflection on Mechanical seals and Bearings

• Cavitation in pumps

1. Net Positive Suction Head
2. Available against required NPSH
3. Effects of Cavitations
4. Cures for cavitation

• Surge in compressors

1. Causes of compressor surge
2. Surge and compressor performance
3. Anti-surge methods

• Off-design operating conditions

1. Variation in inlet conditions
2. Multistage compressor's performance

NOTE:

Pre & Post Tests will be conducted

Case Studies, Group Exercises, Group Discussions, Last Day Reviews, and assessments will be carried out.

Methodology

A highly interactive combination of lectures and discussion sessions will be managed to maximize the amount and quality of information and knowledge transfer. The sessions will start by raising the most relevant questions and motivating everybody to find the right answers. You will also be encouraged to raise your questions and to share in the development of the right answers using your analysis and experiences.  Tests of multiple-choice type will be made available daily to examine the effectiveness of delivering the course.

All presentations are made in excellent colorful PowerPoint. Very useful Course Materials will be given.

• 30% Lectures
• 30% Workshops and work presentation
• 20% Group Work& Practical Exercises
• 20% Videos& General Discussions